Document Type : scientific-research
Authors
1 Professor, Faculty of Arts, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Languages, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a virtual ethnographic study developed in an online classroom in a public university in Brazil. The online activities aimed to help 70 students to develop English oral skills in a 60-hourcoursetaught along 15 weeks using the Moodle Language Management System (LMS). After the initial weeks, and some dropouts, there were 59 participants in this study. The course was planned and managed by the authors of this article and some modifications were made along the experience in face of unexpected changes in the learning environment. Having as theoretical support complexity, connectivism, and learning ecology, we assessed digital tools for oral communication and verified that they had a positive impact on language learningand increased learners’ opportunities for language practice. The tools not only contributed to the development of the students’ oral skills but also decreased their anxiety when speaking English
Keywords
Article Title [Persian]
ابزارهای دیجیتال برای توسعه مهارت های شفاهی در زبان انگلیسی
Authors [Persian]
- ورا لوسیا پاویا 1
- جونیر گومز 2
1 استاد، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه فدرال میناس گرایس، برزیل
2 استادیار، دانشکده زبان، دانشگاه فدرال ، برزیل
Abstract [Persian]
این مقاله نتایج یک مطالعه قوم نگاری مجازی را ارائه می دهد که در یک کلاس درس آنلاین در یک دانشگاه دولتی در برزیل توسعه یافته است. هدف از فعالیتهای آنلاین کمک به 70 دانشآموز برای توسعه مهارتهای شفاهی انگلیسی در یک دوره آموزشی 60 ساعته به مدت 15 هفته با استفاده از سیستم مدیریت زبان مودل (LMS) بود. پس از هفته های اولیه و برخی ترک تحصیل، 59 شرکت کننده در این مطالعه وجود داشت. این دوره توسط نویسندگان این مقاله برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شد و تغییراتی در تجربه در مواجهه با تغییرات غیرمنتظره در محیط آموزشی ایجاد شد. به عنوان پشتوانه نظری پیچیدگی، پیوندگرایی و محیط زیست یادگیری، ابزارهای دیجیتال را برای ارتباطات شفاهی ارزیابی کردیم و تأیید کردیم که تأثیر مثبتی بر یادگیری زبان دارند و فرصتهای زبان آموزان را برای تمرین زبان افزایش میدهند. این ابزار نه تنها به رشد مهارت های شفاهی دانش آموزان کمک کرد، بلکه اضطراب آنها را هنگام صحبت کردن به زبان انگلیسی کاهش داد.
Keywords [Persian]
- قوم نگاری مجازی
- ابزار دیجیتال
- مهارتهای شفاهی
[1] Paiva, V.L.M.O. (2010). O outro na aprendizagem de línguas. In: Hermont, A.B., Espírito
Santo, R.S. & Cavalcante, S.M.S. (Eds.), Linguagem e cognição: diferentes perspectivas, de
cada lugar um outro olhar (pp. 203-217). Belo Horizonte: Editora PUCMINAS.
12 Quarterly of Iranian Distance Education Journal, Vol.2, No.2, Serial Number 6, Spring 2020
[2] Larsen-Freeman, D. (1997). Chaos / complexity science and second language acquisition.
Applied Linguistics, 18 (2), 141-165.
[3] Lantolf, J. P. (2006). Language emergence: Implications for Applied Linguistics—A
sociocultural perspective. Applied Linguistics, 27(4), 717–728.
[4] Ellis, N. C. (2008). The Dynamics of second language emergence: Cycles of language use,
language change, and language acquisition. The Modern Language Journal, 92 (2), 232–
249. [5] Larsen-Freeman, D. & Cameron, L. (2008). Complex systems and Applied
Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[6] Sade, A. L. (2009). Complexity and identity reconstruction in second language acquisition.
Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 9 (2), 515-537.
[7] Paiva, V.L.M.O. (2011). Identity, motivation, and autonomy from the perspective of
complex dynamical systems. In: Murray, G., Gao, X. & Lamb T. (Eds.), Identity,
motivation and autonomy in language learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[8] Mercer, S. (2011). Understanding learner agency as a complex dynamic system.System, 39
(4), 427–436.
[9] Mercer, S. (2013). Towards a complexity-informed pedagogy for language
learning.Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 13 (2), 375-398.
[10] Larsen-Freeman, D. (2013). Transferoflearningtransformed. Language Learning, 63, Suppl.
1, p. 107–129.
[11] Borges, E. F. V. (2015). Complexity approach to language teaching and learning: Moving
from theory to potential practice. In: Gitsaki, C. & Alexiou, T. (Eds.), Current Issues in
Second/Foreign Language Teaching and Teacher Development. Research and Practice.
Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 140-163. Retrieved from
https://www.academia.edu/16552325/Complexity_approach_to_language_teaching_and_le
arning_moving_from_theory_to_potential_practice
[12] Dörnyei, Z., MacIntyre, P. & Henry, A. (Eds.). (2015). Motivational dynamics in language
learning. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[13] Sampson, R. J. (2016). Complexity in classroom foreign language learning motivation: A
practitioner perspective from Japan. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
[14] Larsen-Freeman, D. (1998). On the scope of second language acquisition research: ‘The
learner variety’ perspective and beyond. Language Learning, 48 (4), 551−556.
[15] Kramsch, C. (2012). Why is everyone so excited about complexity theory in applied
linguistics? In: Bailly, A. Boulton & D. Maciare (Eds.), Didactique de
languesetcomplexité. En hommage à Richard Duda. Mélanges CRAPEL, 33, 9-25.
Retrieved from http://web.atilf.fr/IMG/pdf/02.pdf
[16] The Five Graces Group (2009). Language is a complex adaptive system: Position paper.
Language Learning, 59, Suppl. 1,1-26.
[17] Siemens, G. (2006). Knowing knowledge. Retrieved from Elearnspace: everything
elearning: http://www.elearnspace.org/KnowingKnowledge_LowRes.pdf
[18] Siemens, C. (2004). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. Retrieved from
Elearnspace: everything elearning: http://www.elearnspace.org/Articles/connectivism.htm
[19] Veselá, K. (2013). Connectivism in Foreign Language Education. Education and
Languages in Europe / Bildung und Sprachen in Europa, 25 (17), 320-325.
[20] Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, New Jersey:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
[21] van Lier, L. (2002). From input to affordance: Social-interactive learning from an
ecological perspective. In: Lantolf, J. (Ed.), Sociocultural theory and second language
learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[22] Hine, C. (2000). Virtual ethnography. London: Sage.
[23] Miller, D. & Slater, D. (2000). The Internet: An ethnographic approach. Oxford, UK: Berg.
Josephine Remon: Weaving Reflexivity and Revealing of… 13
[24] Evans, L. (2010). Authenticity online: Using webnography to address phenomenological
concerns. In Mousoutzanis, A. &Riha, D. (Eds.). New media and the politics of online
communities. Oxford : Inter-Disciplinary Press. pp. 11-17. Retrieved from
http://www.interdisciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/cyber5ever119082010.pdf
[25] Rutter, J. & Smith, G. W. H. (2005). Ethnographic presence in a nebulous setting. In C.
Hine (Ed.), Virtual Methods: Issues in social research in the Internet (pp. 81–92). Oxford,
UK: Berg.
[26] Schensul, J. J. (2012). Methodology, methods, and tools in qualitative research. In S.D.
Lapan, M.T., Quartaroli & Riemer, F.J. (Eds.) Qualitative research: An introduction to
methods and designs. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
[27] Fetterman, D. M. (1998).Ethnography: Step by step. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
[28] Kulavuz-Onal, D. (2015). Using netnography to explore the culture of online language
teaching communities. CALICO Journal, 32 (3), 426-448.
[29] Shih, Y. C. & Yan, M. T. (2008).A Collaborative Virtual Environment for Situated
Language Learning Using VEC3D.Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(1),
56-68.
[30] Charnet, C. & Veyrier, C. A. (2008). Virtual ethnography methodology for researching
networked learning. Paper presented at the 6th International Conference on Networked
Learning. Retrieved from
http://www.networkedlearningconference.org.uk/past/nlc2008/abstracts/PDFs/Charnet_32-
37.pdf
[31] Bosch, T. E, (2009). Using online social networking for teaching and learning: Facebook
use at the University of Cape Town. Communicatio, 35(2), 185–200.
[32] Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T. & Archer, W. (2000). Critical inquiry in a text-based
environment: Computer conferencing in higher education. The Internet and Higher
Education, 2 (2–3), 87-105.