Document Type : scientific-research
Authors
1 Master of Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Department of Physics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor of Department of mathematics, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
This study is investigated the effectiveness of science education with STEM approach, in a combined (face-to-face and virtual) method, on problem solving skill of the students of the middle school in the topic of energy. This research is a semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type with the control group. The statistical population is all the 7th-grade male students from middle school in Tabadakan region, Mashhad 2021-2022. From this statistical population, 70 students were selected by the convenience sampling who were in two classes. One of the classes was randomly selected as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The control group received training through the traditional approach, whereas the experimental group underwent training using the STEM method. The research tool was Hepner and Patterson's (1988) standard problem solving skill questionnaire. In order to develop lesson plan with STEM approach, the proposed standard framework (STE(A)M IN INTEGRATED LEARNING SCENARIO) was used. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS, with statistical indicators calculated and normality. Also, hypotheses investigated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and covariance analysis. The significant values obtained for problem-solving skill (0.033) and its subscales, including Confidence (0.022), Approach-Avoidance style (0.046) and Personal Control (0.025), indicated that the STEM approach was helpful in improving learners' learning and strengthening their problem-solving skill. Also, this study showed that students generally have difficulty learning scientific concepts and problem solving skills, but hybrid approaches such as STEM can improve educational processes and learner performance in developing countries such as Iran. Therefore, the role of STEM approach in education becomes highlighted.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
تاثیر رویکرد استم بر مهارت حل مسئله دانش آموزان در آموزش علوم
Authors [Persian]
- امیر محمد کدخدا 1
- فاطمه احمدی 2
- فریده حمیدی 3
- فرزانه نوروزی لارکی 4
1 کارشناس ارشد فیزیک، دانشگاه تربیت معلم شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه تربیت معلم شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه فیزیک، دانشگاه تربیت معلم شهید رجایی، تهران،ایران
4 استادیار گروه ریاضی، دانشگاه تربیت معلم شهید رجایی،تهران، ایران .
Abstract [Persian]
این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثربخشی آموزش علوم با رویکرد STEM به روش ترکیبی (حضوری و مجازی) بر مهارت حل مسئله دانش آموزان دوره راهنمایی در مبحث انرژی انجام شده است. این پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی و از نوع پیش آزمون- پس آزمون با گروه کنترل است. جامعه آماری کلیه دانش آموزان پسر پایه هفتم دوره متوسطه اول منطقه تبادکان مشهد در سال تحصیلی 91-1390 می باشد. از این جامعه آماری 70 دانش آموز به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند که در دو کلاس بودند. یکی از کلاس ها به صورت تصادفی به عنوان گروه آزمایش و دیگری به عنوان گروه کنترل انتخاب شدند. گروه کنترل با رویکرد سنتی و گروه آزمایش با روش STEM تحت آموزش قرار گرفتند. ابزار تحقیق پرسشنامه استاندارد مهارت حل مسئله هپنر و پترسون (1988) بود. به منظور تدوین طرح درس با رویکرد STEM، از چارچوب استاندارد پیشنهادی (STE(A)M در سناریوی یادگیری یکپارچه) استفاده شد. داده های حاصل از پرسشنامه ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و با محاسبه شاخص های آماری و نرمال بودن تجزیه و تحلیل شد. همچنین فرضیه ها با استفاده از آزمون کولموگروف اسمیرنوف و تحلیل کوواریانس بررسی شدند. مقادیر معنی‌دار به‌دست‌آمده برای مهارت حل مسئله (0/033) و خرده‌مقیاس‌های آن شامل اعتماد (0/022)، سبک رویکرد-اجتناب (0/046) و کنترل شخصی (0/025)، نشان داد که رویکرد STEM در بهبود یادگیری فراگیران و تقویت مهارت حل مسئله آنها مفید بوده است. همچنین این مطالعه نشان داد که دانش‌آموزان عموماً در یادگیری مفاهیم علمی و مهارت‌های حل مسئله مشکل دارند، اما رویکردهای ترکیبی مانند STEM می‌تواند فرآیندهای آموزشی و عملکرد یادگیرنده را در کشورهای در حال توسعه مانند ایران بهبود بخشد. بنابراین، نقش رویکرد STEM در آموزش برجسته می شود.
Keywords [Persian]
- رویکردSTEM
- مهارت حل مسئله
- آموزش علوم
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