Document Type : scientific-research
Authors
1 PhD student of department of Educational Studies and curriculum planning, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of department of Educational Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of department of Educational Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the technical and non-technical patterns of the curriculum in open and distance learning generations in order to identify the position of these foundations in the field of opinion and action. Decision-making in curriculum planning has a wide range and various groups are seeking to influence and participate in decisions related to curriculum planning. The research approach was descriptive-analytical and the strategy was qualitative and documentary. Curriculum planning is the process of predicting and preparing a set of learning opportunities for a specific population in order to achieve educational goals and objectives. This type of approach is applicable in technical curriculum planning. Another approach in curriculum planning is spontaneous decision-making and unplanned approach, which relates the planning process to the interactions between teachers and students. According to these two perspectives, a technical and non-technical approach to curriculum planning has emerged. Therefore, the teacher should select a small and limited framework of the curriculum process as a model and analyze and identify it in order to organize their educational activities in an appropriate situation and within the scope of that framework. In the present article, an overview of technical and non-technical curriculum patterns regarding educational requirements in the context of open and distance learning generations has been explored. The results in the curriculum patterns section support these patterns in the technical patterns section, including the Tyler model, and in the non-technical patterns section, including the Pinar model.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [Persian]
نگاهی دوباره به مبانی نظری الگوهای فنی و غیر فنی برنامه درسی در نسلهای آموزش باز و از راه دور
Authors [Persian]
- سمیه سلمانی کله 1
- محمدرضا سرمدی 2
- بهمن زندی 2
- معصومه السادات ابطحی 3
1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه مطالعات تربیتی و برنامه ریزی درسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران،ایران
2 2- استاد گروه علوم تربیتی،دانشگاه پیام نور،تهران،ایران
3 استادیار گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تهران،ایران
Abstract [Persian]
پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی الگوهای فنی و غیر فنی برنامه درسی در نسلهای آموزش باز و از راه دور صورت گرفته است تا جایگاه شناسایی این مبانی در حوزه نظر و عمل مشخص گردد. تصمیم گیری در برنامه ریزی درسی دارای قلمرو گسترده ای است وگروههای متعدد و مختلفی به دنبال تاثیرگذاری و سهیم شدن در تصمیمات مربوط به برنامه ریزی درسی هستند. رویکرد پژوهش توصیفی و راهبرد از نوع کیفی و راهکار اسنادی بوده است. برنامه ریزی درسی عبارت از پیش بینی و تهیه مجموعه فرصت های یادگیری برای جمعیتی مشخص به منظور نیل به آرمانها و هدفهای آموزش و پرورش است که معمولا در مدر سه انجام می گیرد.این نوع نگاه در قالب برنامه ریزی درسی فنی جای دارد. تصمیم گیری فی البداهه و از قبل برنامه ریزی نشده رویکرد دیگری در برنامه ریزی درسی ا ست که فرایند برنامه ریزی را به تعاملات معلم و دانش آموزان ربط می دهد. بر طبق این دو دیدگاه دو رویکرد فنی و غیر فنی در برنامه ریزی درسی به وجود آمده است. پس معلم باید چهارچوبی کوچک و محدود از فرآیند برنامه درسی را به عنوان الگو انتخاب کند و مورد تحلیل و شناسایی قرار دهد تا بتواند در موقعیت مناسب و در محدوده آن چهارچوب فعالیت های آموزشی خود را سازماندهی کند.در مقاله حاضر با ارایه تصویر کلی از الگوهای فنی و غیر فنی برنامه درسی درباره استلزامات تربیتی در قالب نسلهای آموزش باز و از راه دور کاوش شده است.نتایج در بخش الگوهای برنامه درسی پشتیبان کننده این الگوها در بخش الگوهای فنی،شامل مکتب تایلر و در بخش الگوهای غیر فنی شامل مکتب پاینار بوده است.الگوی روانشناسی تایلر الگوی خطی مبتنی بر کارآیی و رفتارگرایی بوده است و الگوی پاینار یک الگوی پساساختارگرایانه برای آموزش نسل سوم یادگیری است.
Keywords [Persian]
- برنامه‌ریزی درسی
- آموزش از راه دور
- الگوهای غیرفنی
- آموزش باز
- الگوهای فنی
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