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Experiences of a Group of Faculty Members in University of Sistan and Baluchestan on Decreased Fraud Solutions for e-tests

Document Type : scientific-research

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

2 Associate Professor , Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

4 Instructor Depatment of Information Technology,Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering. University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

5 Professor Depatment of Chemical Engineering Shahid Nikhbakhat Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan

6 Associate Professor, Faculty of Educational and Psychology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

7 Assistant Professor, Department of Geology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

8 Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahid Nikbakht Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan, Iran

9 Associate Professor, Department of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

10 Associate Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

11 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Shahid Nikbakht Faculty of Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

12 Professor Department of Electrical and Electronics Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

13 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan Zahedan, Iran

14 Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

Abstract

The present paper is a comprehensive empirical program of a group of faculty members in University of Sistan and Baluchestan on decreased fraud solutions for e-tests. The group views and experiences were reviewed and shared on a dedicated online platform. In early 2020, shortly after the epidemic of Covid-19 and almost simultaneously with the opening of universities, this platform was established to share the experiences related to applying e-learning methods for courses that were mainly in person so far. This is a qualitative interpretative phenomenology study. Materials, views, measures, and recommendations of a group of faculty members for decreased cheating in online tests were classified under some headings. In addition to the literature review, the most effective solutions to increase awareness and enhance students’ continence and honesty against the tendency to cheat and practical suggestions to reduce students’ fraud in online tests were provided. Research samples included faculty members of basic sciences, education and psychology, and engineering. Hence, however, some proposed strategies and approaches are widely used in a particular educational field and may be less practical in some other specialized areas.

Keywords

Article Title [Persian]

تجربه‌نگاری جمعی از اعضای هیأت‌علمی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان پیرامون راهکارهای کاهش تقلب در آزمون‌های الکترونیکی

Authors [Persian]

  • مهری مهرجو 1
  • مهرداد مظاهری دشت ارژندی 2
  • مهری رجایی 3
  • هادی اسماعیلی درمیان 4
  • فرهاد شهرکی 5
  • یحیی کاظمی 6
  • ناصر اسدی 7
  • جعفر صادقی 8
  • شهرام مهنا 9
  • مجید رشیدی هویه 10
  • حسین زهدی فسایی 11
  • محمدعلی منصوری بیرجندی 12
  • مجید قدردان 13
  • علیرضا آقایی 14

1 دانشیار گروه مهندسی مخابرات، برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

2 گروه روانشناسی ،علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

3 استادیار گروه فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

4 مربی گروه فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

5 استاد گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده فنی شهید نیکبخت، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان

6 دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

7 استادیار گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

8 دانشیارگروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شهید نیکبخت، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

9 دانشیار گروه مخابرات، دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

10 دانشیار گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

11 استادیارگروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شهید نیکبخت، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

12 استادگروه برق و الکترونیک، دانشکده مهندسی برق و کامپیوتر، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

13 استادیار گروه برق و الکترونیک، دانشکده برق و کامپیوتر ، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

14 استادیارگروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران

Abstract [Persian]

این مقاله، حاصل تجربه‌نگاری جمعی از اعضای هیأت‌علمی دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان درباره‌ی راهکارهای کاهش تقلب در آموزش الکترونیکی است. اشتراک‌گذاری و بررسی دیدگاه‌ها و تجارب اعضای این گروه، در یک شبکه‌ی برخط اجتماعیِ -مختص آنان، به‌ انجام رسیده است. این شبکه در ابتدای سال 1399، اندکی پس ازآغاز دوران همه‌گیری بیماری کووید19 و تقریباً هم‌زمان با شروع فعالیت‌های دانشگاه با هدف تبادل تجربیات مرتبط با به‌کارگیری شیوه‌های آموزش الکترونیکی دروسی که تا آن زمان عمدتاً به‌صورت حضوری در دانشگاه ارائه می‌شد؛ تشکیل گردید. شیوه‌ی پژوهشی انجام این تجربه-نگاری، روش پدیدار شناختی تفسیری با رویکرد کیفی است. مطالب، نظرات، اقدامات و راهکارهای پیشنهادشده توسط جمع فوق‌الذکر، برای کاهش تقلب در آزمون‌های برخط، تحت چند عنوان اصلی، دسته‌بندی شده و مصادیق مرتبط با هریک از آنها، تک‌به‌تک بیان گردیده است. مهمترین این موارد، شامل اقدامات مؤثر جهت کمک به افزایش آگاهی‌ها و تقویت توان درستکاری و خویشتن‌داری دانشجویان در برابر تمایل به تقلب، آشنانمودن دانشجویان با امکانات و ابزارهای مفید و مجاز کمکی به‌عنوان ابزارهای مشروع جایگزین تقلب، استفاده‌ از امکانات ویطه‌ی سامانه آموزش مجازی در راستای کاهش انگیزه و شانس انجام یا کسب نتیجه‌ی مطلوب از ارتکاب تقلب (همچون ایجاد تنوع و تفاوت در ترتیب و محتوای سؤالات آزمون، استفاده از سؤالات تحلیلی و غیرحفظی)، تقسیم و توزیع امتحانات، ایجاد تغییر و تنوع در شیوه‌های ارزیابی و عدم اکتفا به امتحان و نیز توجه به اهمیت و جایگاه سایر جنبه‌های روان‌شناختی دانشجویان و همراهی نمودن و ارائه‌ی راهنمایی و مشورت به ایشان در هنگام اجرای آزمون‌های برخط است. در این تجربه‌نگاری، اساتیدی از دانشکده‌های علوم پایه، علوم انسانی و مهندسی شرکت داشتند؛ ازاین‌رو، بعضی از راهبردهای ارائه‌شده برای کاهش تقلب، ممکن است در یک زمینه‌ی تخصصی آموزشی، پرکاربردتر باشد؛ ولی در برخی زمینه‌های تخصصی دیگر، کمتر قابل‌استفاده باشد.

Keywords [Persian]

  • آزمون برخط
  • آزمون غیرحضوری
  • آموزش الکترونیکی
  • اضطراب آزمون
  • تقلب در امتحان
References
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The purpose of the present paper was to provide the empirical results of a group of faculty members’ experiences in University of Sistan and Baluchestan with e-evaluation and to decrease the risk of fraud in these assessments. Some solutions reported here were obtained via e-learning experiences of these educators (colleagues) over a one-year period that effectively decreased fraud in online tests. This is a qualitative interpretative phenomenology study.
The proposed solutions included nurturing commitment and practical honesty in learners, informing students of the test rules and regulations, designing various different test items, distributing test scores in multiple tests over the semester, analytical and open-book questions, and notifying students about the possibility of obtaining guidance from educator during the test, changing student evaluation criterion, using e-LMS facilities, and considering psychological variables such as test anxiety.
Reviewing related literature reveals that the experiences provided in this paper cover a wide range of solutions and some shortcomings. For instance, [11] reviewed 20 articles to investigate fraud causes and prevention. It divided fraud causes into two classes: a. intrinsic motivations such as lack of self-confidence, poor academic performance, pride after cheating, and b. extrinsic motivation like the pressure imposed by parents and educators. This paper, focusing on the controlled extrinsic motivations and learners monitoring, introduced the use of various methods, divergent test items, oral assessments, and learners’ progression as fraud prevention strategies for e-learning.
According to the literature, it is recommended to identify fraud motivations and technology (10). Reviewing experiences in the present research demonstrated that faculty members mainly proposed solutions relying on decreased fraud motivation. However, the most efficient strategy to overcome fraud is demotivation (10); to defeat fraud, the simultaneous use of fraud detection and prevention methods is required. Unfortunately, as fraud detection and prevention strategies are evolved, various new fraud technologies also appear. As a result, no comprehensive version may limit fraud levels in online tests, and fraud prevention strategies must be daily updated.
Hence, further studies are needed to propose fraud detection strategies. Most critical evaluations within the pandemic were made using e-learning systems via virtual written tests, virtual interviews, oral questions and answers over teaching, and multiple evaluations (24). Knowing the system features correctly can strengthen fraud prevention.
In addition to developing proposed strategies and solutions by updating fraud detection methods, further practical studies are needed to attain more accurate and reliable evidence of the effective proposed solutions.
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 © 2022 by the authors. Lisensee PNU, Tehran, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY4.0) (http:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
 
Quarterly of Iranian Distance Education Journal
Volume 4, Issue 1
March 2022
Pages 9-20
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